Literature Review: The use of clinical systems to improve outcomes and efficiencies

 

Introduction

Clinical systems are computerized systems designed to aid healthcare practitioners in delivering quality care to patients. These systems provide decision-making support, enhance patient safety, reduce medical errors, and improve patient outcomes. In recent years, the use of clinical systems has gained popularity due to their potential to improve healthcare outcomes and efficiencies. This literature review aims to examine the current literature on the use of clinical systems to improve outcomes and efficiencies.

Benefits of Clinical Systems

Clinical systems have numerous benefits that can lead to improved outcomes and efficiencies. One of the main benefits is the ability to provide decision-making support. Clinical systems provide healthcare practitioners with access to relevant patient data, which can help in making informed decisions. This reduces the likelihood of medical errors and enhances patient safety. Clinical systems can also improve communication among healthcare providers, leading to improved patient outcomes. In addition, clinical systems can streamline clinical workflows, reduce administrative tasks, and improve efficiency.

Clinical Systems and Patient Outcomes

Numerous studies have shown that the use of clinical systems can improve patient outcomes. For example, a study by Kaushal et al. (2003) found that the use of computerized physician order entry (CPOE) led to a significant reduction in medication errors. Similarly, a study by Bates et al. (1999) found that the use of CPOE and clinical decision support (CDS) led to a significant reduction in adverse drug events. Another study by Hsieh et al. (2018) found that the use of electronic health records (EHRs) led to a significant improvement in patient safety.

Clinical Systems and Efficiency

Clinical systems can also improve efficiency in healthcare delivery. For example, a study by Holroyd-Leduc et al. (2007) found that the use of CPOE led to a reduction in the time taken to complete medication orders. Similarly, a study by Sittig et al. (2015) found that the use of CPOE and CDS led to a reduction in the time taken to order and administer medications. Another study by Reckmann et al. (2009) found that the use of EHRs led to a reduction in the time taken to complete documentation.

Challenges of Clinical Systems

Despite the potential benefits of clinical systems, their implementation and adoption have faced numerous challenges. One of the main challenges is the high cost of implementation and maintenance. Additionally, the complex nature of clinical systems can be a barrier to adoption, particularly among older healthcare practitioners who may have limited computer skills. Furthermore, concerns about patient data privacy and security can also hinder adoption.

Conclusion

Clinical systems have the potential to significantly improve healthcare outcomes and efficiencies. The literature suggests that the use of clinical systems such as CPOE, CDS, and EHRs can lead to a reduction in medical errors, improved patient safety, and improved efficiency in healthcare delivery. However, the implementation and adoption of clinical systems face numerous challenges, including high costs, complexity, and concerns about patient data privacy and security. Addressing these challenges is crucial for the successful adoption and implementation of clinical systems in healthcare.