January 2023

Pneumocystis Pneumonia

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Derek Smith, a 31 y.o.,  Caucasian male injection drug user, who is homeless, presents to the ED with a chief complaint of shortness of breath. He describes a 1-month history of intermittent fevers and night sweats associated with a nonproductive cough. He has become progressively more short of breath, initially only with exertion, but now

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pathophysiology of ketoacidosis in diabetic patient

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Leonard Mays, a 58 y.o., Caucasian, homeless man with long-standing insulin-treated type 2 diabetes has been diagnosed with right lower extremity cellulitis. He has taken a prescribed oral antibiotic for the past week but has not noticed much improvement. For the last 2 days, he has complained of intermittent fevers and chills, nausea with poor oral intake, and

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Anticipated prognosis

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Luv Taub, a 32-year-old, married Hmong woman, presents to her primary care Nurse Practitioner complaining of a persistent burning sensation in her chest and upper abdomen. The symptoms are worse at night while she is lying down and after meals. She enjoys many years of cooking and eating “hot and spicy foods” common in her

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Pathophysiology of Dementia

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Marisol Arroyo, age 23 y.o., and unmarried, accompanies her mother, Julia, who is a 68 y.o., divorced Latina female, to her appointment with her primary care Nurse Practitioner.  Both Marisol and her mother, who live together, have noted that her ever-present forgetfulness seems to be worsening.  Just yesterday she walked to the corner store for

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Pulmonary function tests

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Darla Thomas, a 25 y.o. African-American previously well woman, presents to her primary care Nurse Practitioner’s office with complaints of episodic shortness of breath and chest tightness. She has had the symptoms on and off for about 2 years but states that they have worsened lately, occurring two or three times a month. She notes

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Low-grade cervical dysplasia

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See Van, a 35-year-old married Hmong-American woman recently underwent an annual Papanicolaou test (Pap smear) at her Certified Nurse Midwife’s practice, and the results were abnormal.  Her provider diagnosed her with low-grade cervical dysplasia.  What alterations at the cellular level would you expect to see with this diagnosis? Provide and discuss with your colleagues S.

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