What are some of the leading theories that attempt to describe the pathophysiology underlying fibromyalgia? Which ones are best supported? Include your resources in your response. Fibromyalgia is a chronic, widespread pain disorder that affects approximately 2% to 8% of the population. Despite extensive research over the years, the underlying pathophysiology of fibromyalgia remains poorly […]
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What are some the recent discoveries surrounding the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease, and how could these discoveries lead to new treatments? Include your resources in your response. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by the deposition of beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the
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From a pathophysiological perspective describe the disease mechanism of spinal trauma. Discuss complications associated with spinal trauma based upon time of injury. Spinal trauma is a devastating injury that occurs when there is damage to the spinal cord or the surrounding structures of the spine. The injury can occur due to a variety of reasons,
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What is the difference between diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome? How do the treatment options differ as well as have similarities? What are the associated conditions that would cause either of the conditions? Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HONK) are two life-threatening complications of diabetes. While both conditions can occur in individuals
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A 24-year-old postpartum patient presents with vague symptoms of fatigue, weight fluctuation, brittle nails, and a lump in her throat. From an endocrine standpoint, what are your potential diagnoses based on symptoms without knowing lab findings? Include the potential workup you would attempt. A 24-year-old postpartum patient presenting with fatigue, weight fluctuation, brittle nails, and
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What symptoms and exam findings would prompt you to perform a pituitary workup? What laboratory and neuroimaging studies would you order and why? The pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, is a small but powerful endocrine organ that plays a critical role in regulating several hormones that control various bodily functions. When
What are some of the key pathophysiological differences between neurogenic and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus? Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare disorder that affects the body’s ability to regulate fluid balance. There are two main types of DI: neurogenic and nephrogenic. Neurogenic DI is caused by a deficiency of vasopressin, a hormone that regulates the
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The parathyroid glands serve to regulate calcium levels. How does renal insufficiency contribute to altered functionality of the parathyroid glands? The parathyroid glands are small, pea-sized glands located near the thyroid gland in the neck. They play a vital role in regulating calcium levels in the body by producing and secreting the parathyroid hormone
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Adrenal insufficiency can … induced by steroid treatment. What are … conditions with adrenal insufficiency and how would you prevent the state of adrenal crisis? Adrenal insufficiency is a medical condition that occurs when the adrenal glands, located above the kidneys, do not produce enough cortisol and other steroid hormones. This can be induced by
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What are the associated complications with altered thyroid functionality? The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck that is responsible for producing hormones that regulate the body’s metabolism. Altered thyroid functionality can result in a range of complications, from mild symptoms to severe health problems. In this essay, we will discuss
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