Author name: Evans Mutinda

Discoveries Surrounding Pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s Disease

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What are some the recent discoveries surrounding the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease, and how could these discoveries lead to new treatments? Include your resources in your response. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by the deposition of beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the […]

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Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Syndrome

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What is the difference between diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome? How do the treatment options differ as well as have similarities? What are the associated conditions that would cause either of the conditions? Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HONK) are two life-threatening complications of diabetes. While both conditions can occur in individuals

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postpartum patient

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A 24-year-old postpartum patient presents with vague symptoms of fatigue, weight fluctuation, brittle nails, and a lump in her throat. From an endocrine standpoint, what are your potential diagnoses based on symptoms without knowing lab findings? Include the potential workup you would attempt. A 24-year-old postpartum patient presenting with fatigue, weight fluctuation, brittle nails, and

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Pituitary Workup

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What symptoms and exam findings would prompt you to perform a pituitary workup? What laboratory and neuroimaging studies would you order and why? The pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, is a small but powerful endocrine organ that plays a critical role in regulating several hormones that control various bodily functions. When

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parathyroid glands

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The parathyroid glands serve to regulate calcium levels. How does renal insufficiency contribute to altered functionality of the parathyroid glands?   The parathyroid glands are small, pea-sized glands located near the thyroid gland in the neck. They play a vital role in regulating calcium levels in the body by producing and secreting the parathyroid hormone

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thyroid functionality

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What are the associated complications with altered thyroid functionality? The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck that is responsible for producing hormones that regulate the body’s metabolism. Altered thyroid functionality can result in a range of complications, from mild symptoms to severe health problems. In this essay, we will discuss

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circadian rhythm

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Explain how the circadian rhythm is related to cortisol secretion from the adrenal cortex. What factors cause disturbances in this system?   The circadian rhythm is a natural, 24-hour cycle that regulates a wide range of physiological processes in the body, including hormone production, metabolism, and sleep-wake cycles. Cortisol is a hormone that plays a

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