Some commonly followed treatments for Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) have not been scientifically substantiated, including restricted or modified diets, treatments for allergies, treatment for inner ear problems, treatments for yeast infections, megavitamins, chiropractic adjustment and bone alignment, eye training, special-colored glasses, and biofeedback.
- Discuss four non-pharmacological treatments that you would recommend for a 6 year old child with ADD.
- Use the US clinical guidelines to support your response
Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted, and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources.
Non-Pharmacological Treatments for a 6-Year-Old Child with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), now commonly referred to as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. While pharmacological interventions, such as stimulant medications, are widely used in treatment, non-pharmacological approaches are also essential in managing symptoms, particularly in young children. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and other U.S. clinical guidelines recommend behavioral therapy as the first-line treatment for children under six years old with ADHD (Wolraich et al., 2019). The following are four evidence-based, non-pharmacological treatments that can be beneficial for a 6-year-old child with ADD.
1. Behavioral Parent Training (BPT)
Behavioral Parent Training (BPT) is a well-supported intervention designed to help parents develop effective strategies for managing their child’s behaviors. According to the AAP guidelines, BPT is the primary non-pharmacological treatment for young children with ADHD (Wolraich et al., 2019). This approach teaches parents techniques such as positive reinforcement, consistent discipline, structured routines, and clear communication. By using reward systems and token economies, parents can encourage desirable behaviors while minimizing disruptive actions. Research has demonstrated that BPT significantly improves parent-child interactions and reduces ADHD-related behaviors (Fabiano et al., 2021).
2. Behavioral Classroom Management (BCM)
For school-aged children, behavioral classroom management (BCM) is an effective intervention that involves collaboration between teachers and mental health professionals to implement structured classroom strategies. This approach includes the use of positive reinforcement, clear expectations, token systems, and daily report cards to monitor progress (Evans et al., 2018). Teachers can implement individualized support plans, structured routines, and environmental modifications to enhance focus and minimize distractions. The AAP recommends that teachers receive training on behavior management techniques to effectively support children with ADHD (Wolraich et al., 2019). Studies have shown that BCM improves academic performance, enhances social skills, and reduces disruptive behaviors (Evans et al., 2018).
3. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is another evidence-based intervention that helps children develop coping skills, emotional regulation, and problem-solving abilities. While CBT is more commonly used for older children and adolescents, modified versions have been adapted for younger children with ADHD. This therapy focuses on teaching children how to recognize and modify negative thought patterns, set achievable goals, and improve impulse control. According to clinical research, children who undergo CBT demonstrate improvements in attention, emotional regulation, and executive functioning (Antshel et al., 2020). The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) also supports the use of CBT for managing ADHD symptoms (NICE, 2018).
4. Physical Activity and Mindfulness Training
Physical activity and mindfulness-based interventions have gained recognition as effective complementary treatments for ADHD. Regular physical exercise, such as aerobic activities, has been shown to enhance executive function, reduce impulsivity, and improve mood in children with ADHD (Verret et al., 2018). Additionally, mindfulness techniques, such as deep breathing and guided meditation, help children develop self-awareness and emotional regulation. Programs incorporating yoga and structured physical activities have demonstrated positive effects in improving focus and reducing hyperactivity (Van der Oord et al., 2019). The AAP suggests that structured physical activities should be included as part of a comprehensive ADHD management plan (Wolraich et al., 2019).
Conclusion
Non-pharmacological treatments play a critical role in managing ADD/ADHD symptoms, especially in young children. Evidence-based interventions such as Behavioral Parent Training, Behavioral Classroom Management, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and physical activity/mindfulness training are effective strategies recommended by U.S. clinical guidelines. These approaches support children’s social, emotional, and cognitive development while minimizing reliance on medication. Integrating these strategies within home and school settings can significantly improve outcomes for children with ADD/ADHD.
References
Antshel, K. M., Zhang-James, Y., & Faraone, S. V. (2020). Cognitive behavioral therapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: Evidence, neurobiology, and directions for future research. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, 5(6), 533-542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.07.008
Evans, S. W., Owens, J. S., & Bunford, N. (2018). Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 47(2), 157-198. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2017.1390757
Fabiano, G. A., Schatz, N. K., Aloe, A. M., Chacko, A., & Chronis-Tuscano, A. (2021). A systematic review and meta-analysis of behavioral parent training for ADHD. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 24(4), 598-618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-021-00369-8
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). (2018). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Diagnosis and management. Retrieved from https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng87
Van der Oord, S., Bogels, S. M., & Peijnenburg, D. (2019). The effectiveness of mindfulness training for children with ADHD and mindful parenting for their parents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(4), 1326-1342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01312-7
Verret, C., Guay, M. C., Berthiaume, C., Gardiner, P., & Béliveau, L. (2018). A physical activity program improves behavior and cognitive functions in children with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 22(5), 415-426. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054716659362
Wolraich, M. L., Hagan, J. F., Allan, C., Chan, E., Davison, D., Earls, M., & Subcommittee on Children and Adolescents with ADHD. (2019). Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Pediatrics, 144(4), e20192528. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-2528