A 45-year-old female presents with sudden onset of severe, colicky flank pain radiating to the groin, nausea, and vomiting. She reports difficulty urinating and hematuria. Vital signs are stable, but she is visibly uncomfortable. No fever is noted. Medical history includes recurrent urinary tract infections. Questions Differential Diagnoses What are the potential differential diagnoses based […]
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A 65-year-old male presents with progressive swelling in his legs, fatigue, and decreased urine output over the past two weeks. He reports shortness of breath when lying down, a history of hypertension, and poorly controlled diabetes. Physical exam reveals pitting edema in both lower extremities, crackles on lung auscultation, and mild hypertension (BP: 150/95 mmHg).
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A 67-year-old male presents with a persistent cough that has lasted for 4 months and occasional hemoptysis. He reports shortness of breath with exertion and a recent onset of chest pain described as dull and persistent. He denies fever, night sweats, or significant weight loss. His medical history includes COPD and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Persistent Cough and Occasional Hemoptysis Read More »
A 34-year-old female presents with a painless lump in her right breast that she noticed 6 weeks ago. She denies any changes in the size of the lump, skin changes, or nipple discharge. Her last menstrual period was 2 weeks ago, and she notes no significant changes in the lump related to her menstrual cycle.
Painless Lump in Right Breast Read More »
A 52-year-old male presents with persistent fatigue, unexplained weight loss of 15 pounds over the past 3 months, and intermittent abdominal discomfort. He reports occasional changes in bowel habits, including periods of diarrhea followed by constipation. He denies any overt blood in his stool but notes that his stool has been dark at times. His
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A 70-year-old female presents with a 6-month history of irritability, mood swings, and emotional instability. She feels “up and down” for no apparent reason and has been increasingly frustrated with her family. She also reports feeling excessively fatigued and has been unable to concentrate on tasks. Her daughter reports that she has become more forgetful
History of Irritability and Emotional Instability Read More »
A 24-year-old male presents with a 2-month history of low mood, lack of interest in activities, and feelings of hopelessness. He reports fatigue, changes in appetite (loss of 10 pounds), and difficulty sleeping. He has withdrawn from his social circle and has been avoiding activities he previously enjoyed. He denies any substance use, though he
History of Low Mood and Feelings of Hopelessness Read More »
A 48-year-old female presents with a 3-month history of excessive worry, difficulty concentrating, and persistent insomnia. She reports feeling “on edge” most days and has frequent muscle tension. She is unable to control her worry about work and personal issues, even though there is no clear threat. Her appetite has decreased, and she has lost
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A 39-year-old male with a history of HIV, diagnosed 3 years ago, presents with persistent diarrhea for the past month. He reports watery, non-bloody stools occurring 6-8 times a day, along with abdominal cramping and fatigue. He is on antiretroviral therapy (ART) but admits to occasional nonadherence. His last CD4 count, two months ago, was
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A 45-year-old female from Southeast Asia presents with a chronic cough lasting 6 weeks, unintentional weight loss of 10 pounds, and intermittent night sweats. She denies hemoptysis but reports mild shortness of breath. She has a history of diabetes mellitus type 2 and lives in a household with multiple family members. She works as a
Chronic Cough Lasting 6 Weeks Read More »