one-two paragraphs, apa , please include reference
(1)Based on your understanding of nursing today, discuss how the Healthy People 2020 initiative could be used by you, as a nurse, to make a difference in the health and wellness of people in your area.
(2)Using one of the theories, explain the importance of health and wellness models to professional nursing practice and the impact it has on individual nurses.
Models of Health
Throughout history, society has entertained a variety of concepts
of health (David, 2000). Smith (1983) describes four distinct
models of health in her classic work:
Clinical Model
In the clinical model, health is defined by the absence and illness
by the conspicuous presence of signs and symptoms of disease.
People who use this model may not seek preventive health
services or they may wait until they are very ill to seek care. The
clinical model is the conventional model of the discipline of
medicine.
Role Performance Model
The role performance model of health defines health in terms of
individuals’ ability to perform social roles. Role performance
includes work, family, and social roles, with performance based
on societal expectations. Illness would be the failure to perform
roles at the level of others in society. This model is the basis for
occupational health evaluations, school physical examinations,
and physician-excused absences. The idea of the “sick role,”
which excuses people from performing their social functions, is a
vital component of the role performance model. It is argued that
the sick role is still relevant in health care today (Davis et al.,
2011; Shilling, 2002).
Adaptive Model
In the adaptive model of health, people’s ability to adjust positively
to social, mental, and physiological change is the measure of their
health. Illness occurs when the person fails to adapt or becomes
maladaptive to these changes. As the concept of adaptation has
entered other aspects of American culture, this model of health
has become more accepted. For example, spirituality can be
useful in adapting to a decreased level of functioning in older
adults (Haley et al., 2001).
Eudaimonistic Model
In the eudaimonistic model exuberant well-being indicates optimal
health. This model emphasizes the interactions between physical,
social, psychological, and spiritual aspects of life and the
environment that contribute to goal attainment and create
meaning. Illness is reflected by a denervation or languishing, a
lack of involvement with life. Although these ideas may appear to
be new when compared with the clinical model of health, aspects
of the eudaimonistic model predate the clinical model of health.
This model is also more congruent with integrative modes of
therapy (National Institutes of Health, National Center for
Complementary and Alternative Medicine [NIH/NCCAM], 2011),
which are used increasingly by people of all ages in the United
States and the world. In this eudaimonistic model, a person dying
of cancer may still be healthy if that person is finding meaning in
life at this stage of development.
1) The Healthy People 2020 initiative plays a pivotal role in shaping the nursing profession and its contribution to the health and wellness of individuals within a community. As a nurse, I can utilize this initiative as a guiding framework to make a substantial difference in the health and wellness of people in my area. Healthy People 2020 provides a comprehensive set of objectives and priorities aimed at improving the overall health of the nation. By aligning my nursing practice with these objectives, I can focus on prevention, health promotion, and addressing health disparities, which are crucial aspects of nursing care.
One way I can make a difference is by educating patients and the community about the importance of preventive healthcare measures, such as vaccinations, screenings, and healthy lifestyle choices. Additionally, I can actively participate in community outreach programs to ensure that underserved populations have access to healthcare resources and information. By incorporating the goals of Healthy People 2020 into my nursing practice, I can contribute to the betterment of public health in my area and work towards achieving the initiative’s objectives (Healthy People, 2020).
Reference: Healthy People. (2020). Healthy People 2020. http://www.healthypeople.gov/
(2) The various models of health, as described by Smith (1983), hold significant importance in professional nursing practice, influencing how nurses perceive and approach the concept of health and wellness. These models impact individual nurses by shaping their perspectives and guiding their patient care strategies.
The Clinical Model of health, for instance, emphasizes the absence of disease and the presence of signs and symptoms as determinants of health. Nurses adhering to this model might focus primarily on diagnosing and treating illnesses. This approach influences nurses to provide acute care and may not prioritize preventive measures or holistic wellness.
On the other hand, the Adaptive Model of health emphasizes a person’s ability to adjust positively to changes in their social, mental, and physiological aspects. Nurses adopting this model focus on promoting adaptation and resilience, which can enhance patients’ overall well-being. This model encourages nurses to consider a broader spectrum of health, including mental and emotional aspects.
The Eudaimonistic Model highlights the importance of finding meaning and exuberant well-being in life as indicators of optimal health. Nurses who embrace this model understand that health is not merely the absence of disease but also includes the presence of positive experiences and personal fulfillment. This perspective encourages nurses to provide holistic care that supports patients in achieving a meaningful and fulfilling life, even in the presence of chronic illnesses.
In conclusion, these health models play a crucial role in shaping nursing practice and influencing how individual nurses approach their roles. By considering these models, nurses can provide more comprehensive, patient-centered care that encompasses not only the absence of disease but also the promotion of adaptation, resilience, and overall well-being, thus contributing to improved patient outcomes.
Reference: Smith, R. (1983). The four models of physician-patient relationship. The Journal of General Internal Medicine, 4(6), 499-504.